An Invisible, Yet Massive Source of Pollution
When people think about automobile pollution, the first thing that comes to mind is exhaust gases. Yet, with every kilometer traveled, invisible micro-fragments of rubber are worn away from the tire surface. This abrasion phenomenon is now recognized by several environmental organizations, including the OECD, as one of the main sources of microplastics tied to road traffic, alongside brake-pad wear and road markings. With the widespread adoption of electric vehicles, which are heavier and deliver more torque during acceleration, this source could become increasingly significant, even as emissions from exhaust tend to fade away.
What Accelerates Wear
Several factors directly influence how rapidly a tire wears down. The vehicle’s weight mechanically increases the load on the tread: over the same journey, a heavier car wears its rubber more quickly. Sudden bursts of acceleration and harsh braking likewise generate extra friction, as does improper tire pressure, which deforms the contact patch and concentrates wear in specific areas rather than distributing it evenly.
Ongoing Innovation Paths
In response to this finding, multiple research avenues are being developed. So-called “durable” tires, incorporating an increasing share of recycled or bio-based materials, aim to cut both the manufacturing footprint and the harmful particles released by wear. Onboard sensors, still experimental, seek to measure wear in real time to optimize replacement timing. Finally, recycling pathways are being structured to valorize end-of-life tires rather than burying or incinerating them.
Practical Steps to Limit the Impact
At the individual level, several simple habits noticeably reduce premature wear. Keeping tire pressure within the manufacturer’s recommended range, avoiding overly abrupt accelerations and braking, and regularly checking the condition and balance of the tires help limit the quantity of particles generated over the vehicle’s lifetime. A check at a specialized center remains the most reliable way to quantify wear and, when necessary, identify adjustments to reduce the environmental impact of one’s tires over time.
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